6. Controlling MUSCIMarker

Here is an overview of all the things you can do with MUSCIMarker. This is a UI reference document – it describes how you can interact with MUSCIMarker, but not how to use these possibilities to get the desired results. For that, read the Tutorial and Annotation Instructions.

We’ll organize this description into some groups:

  1. Navigating the image: Move and zoom the annotated image
  2. Fixed interface elements: Control the application using fixed interface elements (mostly buttons)
  3. Tools: Use tools to create and edit annotations
  4. Editing selected annotations: Interact with annotations

Quick Refresher:

There are two kinds of annotations in MUSCIMarker: objects (CropObjects, displayed as colored rectangles) and relationships (displayed as lines connecting the CropObjects), which connect objects. Relationships have an orientation: they go from one object to another. (The “from” object gets a little square on its end of the relationship.)

Adding objects is done primarily through tools, like the Trimmed Lasso or Connected Components. Generally, one click & drag action (or a one-finger touch action, on a device with a touchscreen) will create one new object.

The annotations can then be selected. If an object is selected, it looks brighter. If a relationship is selected, it gets emphasized.

New relationships can be added through keyboard shortcuts

6.2. Fixed interface elements

Interface actions mainly consist of pressing buttons. As you know from the Tutorial, the MUSCIMarker interface has three parts that expose ways of controlling the application: the command sidebar on the right, the tool sidebar on the left, and the action bar on the bottom.

Note

We call these control elements “fixed”, because no matter what the state of the annotation, they don’t change.

6.2.1. Command sidebar

This sidebar generally controls the annotation inputs and outputs: what image you are annotating, saving & loading the annotation, selecting the MLClass that should be annotated, hiding/showing the current annotation, etc.

Note

All file loading dialogues will be opened by default to pointing to the directory where the corresponding currently loaded file is (so, if you are loading an image, the loading dialog will show you images from the same directory as the image you are annotating).

We now list what the individual elements of the command sidebar do. Going from the top down:

Select MLClassList The MLClass list is where we define what the symbol classes are. This button shows a file loading dialog where you can choose which set of symbol classes to use. (The name of the last loaded MLClass list file is displayed in grey beneath the topmost buttons.)

Danger

Changing the MLClassList invalidates all of the current annotation! Do not do this unless explicitly instructed to. MUSCIMarker ships with a default MLClassList file that should be good enough.

Select Grammar The grammar defines what symbol relationships are possible. This button shows a file loading dialog where you can choose which set of rules to use.

Danger

Changing the grammar invalidates all the current relationships between the annotated objects! Do not do this unless explicitly instructed to. MUSCIMarker ships with a default grammar that should be good enough.

Select MLClass Under the “Select MLClass” label, the name of the current class is set. New CropObjects that you add to the annotation will belong to the current class. Clicking on the button with the class name will open a list of available classes. (You can scroll or click+drag the list.)

Selecting from this list is not the only way to set the current class. You can also clone the class of a selected CropObject – take something you already annotated and set its class as the current class (see controls_selection_shortcuts).

Select image file If you want to change the image that you are annotating, click this button. A file loading dialog will appear; navigate to the desired image and select Load (or double-click the filename).

Caution

Loading a new image will clear all current annotations. Make sure you have exported your work!

Import CropObjectList file The CropObject list file is an XML file that contains the current state of the annotations: all the selected objects and relationships between them. This button opens a file loading dialog that allows you to import a CropObject list file; navigate to the desired file and select Load (or double-click the filename).

Important

This is the way to load your previous work.

The name of the last loaded MLClass list file is displayed in grey beneath the CropObjectList import/export buttons.

Caution

Loading a new CropObject list will clear all current annotations. Make sure you have exported your work!

Export CropObjectList file Save the current state of the annotation to a CropObject list file (see the explanation for Import CropObjectList file). A file save dialog will appear. A file name is suggested automatically (in the white text input field, bottom of the dialog), to correspond to the filename of the current image.

Important

This is the way to save your work. Do this often.

Counters. Next, you see how may objects and relationships between objects (Attachments) are currently annotated. If you’re not sure that your action actually added or deleted some object or reltionship, take a look at the numbers.

Clear CropObjects. Delete all current annotations. A confirmation dialog will pop up, so that you don’t click this by accident. This cannot be undone!

Hide/Show CropObjects. Hiding CropObjects means that you will not see them and won’t be able to interact with the annotations. You will, however, still be able to interact with the relationships. This may be useful when there is a lot of CropObjects and you interact with them accidentally.

Hide/Show Relationships. Just like the previous buttons, but operates on the relationships. Useful if the Relationships get in the way of working with CropObjects.

6.2.2. Action Bar

The Action bar on the bottom provides some convenience commands that do not interact with the state of the annotation. Going from left to right:

Center If you get lost while zooming around the image, this button will center the image and scale it back to its initial size.

Backup Manually create a snapshot of the current state of the application. Backups happen automatically in the background every 20 seconds (you can change that in the Settings).

Warning

This is not a substitute for saving your work! Backup and Recover are here to help with application crashes. There is only ever one snapshot saved deep among the internal files of MUSCIMarker, so it’s not a poor man’s Undo, either!

Recover Load the annotation state from the snapshot. Try to do this when you re-open MUSCIMarker after a crash - it might help you not lose some work you didn’t save using the “Export CropObjectList file” dialog. However, there is no guarantee that this will work! Perhaps the auto-snapshot was being saved while MUSCIMarker was crashing, so it can’t be recovered! The Backup/Recover mechanism is not a substitute for saving your work.

Settings Opens the Settings panel. Currently, you do not ever need to go there.

Exit This is the correct way of exiting the application.

6.2.3. Tools

The Tool sidebar lists the available annotation tools. Tools allow you to add objects and relationships and other interaction with the image and annotations.

Tip

If you are not sure how a tool works from the description, experiment with it on the default image.

Only one tool can be selected at a time. If there are no selected annotations, pressing “Escape” unselects the current tool.

Keyboard shortcuts. You can use the numbers 1, 2, etc. to select the first, second, etc.-th tool from the top.

We will now describe the available tools. Going from the top down:

Trimmed Lasso Draw a lasso around an object in the image. Once you release, adds the selection as a new CropObject annotation. Ignores background (black): you do not have to accurately trace around an object’s border with the background. However, you need to be accurate when objects overlap. See the guidelines.

Connected Component Draw a rectangle. Upon release, will add a CropObject that consists of all “connected components” of the foreground: contignuous non-black segments. This allows quickly adding CropObjects when the visual object that you want to mark does not overlap any other visual objects in the image. If it does overlap, however, you will need to use the Trimmed Lasso tool, because the object needs to be accurately marked in the overlapping part.

Note

When you first use this tool after loading an image, it will take a while to pre-compute where the connected components are. Subsequent uses, however, will be quick.

Object Selection Draw a lasso and select all CropObjects that overlap this rectangle. Handy for adding relationships: quickly select groups of CropObjects with this tool and press “p” to create relationships.

The selection can be made active in the Settings: this means it will light up selected symbols as you go.

Relationship Selection Draw a lasso, find all CropObjects that overlap this rectangle (like the Object Selection tool), and select their Relationships. This is useful for mass-editing Relationships.

Note

It’s not quite perfect: this way, it only allows you to select either all the relationships of an object, or none of them.

Parse Draw a rectangle and apply relationships to the set of all CropObjects that overlap this rectangle. Handy for adding relationships without having to press “p” over and over again.

Eraser Lasso Sometimes, your hand slips when annotating and you mark some extra pixels which should not be a part of the object. This tool enables correcting that:

  1. Select (only) the object you need to fix,
  2. Draw a lasso around the parts that you want to throw out.

Use i (inspection) to check the results.

Plus Lasso Sometimes, your hand slips and you don’t mark pixels that should be a part of the object you’re working on – the opposite of Eraser Lasso. This tool enables you to add more pixels to an object:

  1. Select (only) the object you need to fix,
  2. Draw a lasso around the parts that you want to add to the object.

Use i (inspection) to check the results.

Especially for the Plus Lasso, make sure that when you are using it, no other objects are selected, except for the one you want to edit.

6.3. Selecting annotations

Annotations - both objects and relationships - can be selected. Selecting an annotation (or several) opens up new actions that can be applied to the selected annotations: these range from a simple delete to “guessing” new relationships.

How to control what is selected and what isn’t?

Click an annotation. This is the basic operation that applies to both objects and relationships. Clicking toggles whether an annotation is selected (clicking a not-selected annotation selects it, clicking a selected annotation unselects it).

Tip

As the objects are heaped one on top of the other, sometimes you cannot click an object because it is entirely hidden by another one. However, if you select the top annotation and pres “b”, it gets sent to the bottom and you will be able to click the annotation you want.

If relationships are what makes the annotation un-clickable, you can hide them with the “Hide Relationships” button in the command sidebar.

Tools for selecting. The “Obj. Select” and “Rel. Select” tools are good for mass-selecting objects and relationships in a given region.

Deselecting Press “Escape” to deselect all annotations. (Pressing it again will attempt to unselect the current tool as well.)

Once you select an object, a brief description appears in the bottom part of the command sidebar - the info panel. There, you can verify whether you really selected what you wanted to select – or, that nothing is selected, in which case the info panel will be empty.

6.4. Editing selected annotations

Once you are happy with which annotations are selected, you can use some keyboard shortcuts that act on the selected annotations. Some keyboard shortcuts only work on objects, and some only work on relationships. A few work on both:

Escape De-select everything in the selection.
Backspace Delete the selected annotations. (Careful! No Undo!)

Note

Deleting an object also deletes all its relationships.

6.4.1. Editing a selection of objects

The following keyboard shortcuts work on selected objects:

alt+Backspace Delete all relationships of selected objects.
p Find all possible relationships among the selected objects.
m Merge: adds a new object with the current label, and deletes the selected objects. (Useful for annotating large objects as parts.)
shift+m Merge (safe): adds a new object with the current label and does not delete the selected objects. Also automatically attempts discovering relationships, like pressing p. (Useful for key signatures, repeats, texts, etc.)
c Manually change the class of a selected object.
shift+c Sets the app’s current class to the class of a selected object.
ctrl+shift+c Apply the app’s current class to all selected objects.
a Create a relationship from the first to the second selected object. Don’t use this unless you can’t use p.
d Remove a relationship from the first to the second selected object.
b Send selected objects backward, so that it exposes the objects that were lying underneath. (Useful when a large object overlaps smaller ones, like text.)
i Inspect the selected object. (New!) A popup appears with the object’s exact position highlighted.
alt+h Hide/Show the selected objects’ relationships.

Note

Also, notice what you cannot do with annotations: move and stretch them!

(There are good reasons why this is not possible: if we allowed these actions, we would often get into situations where we would have to guess which pixels should be a part of the manipulated object and which should not. This would greatly deteriorate the quality of the data.)

6.4.2. Editing a selection of Relationships

There are currently no keyboard shortcuts available for manipulating selected relationships.

6.5. Global keyboard shortcuts

These shortcuts work if no object or relationship is selected, or if the given selection is not supposed to react to the shortcut.

v Validate the current annnotation. Finds inconsistencies in how relationships are being assigned to objects.
c Open symbol class selection dialog. (See below.)
o Open ID-based object selection dialog. (See below.)
alt+h Hide/Show all relationships.
1, 2, … Select the n-th tool from the top.
alt+shift+b Barline to measure separator automation.

6.5.1. MLClass selection dialog

The MLClass selection dialog enables quickly selecting new MLClasses by typing their names. The dialog will show you the suggested symbol in the input field and a list of available symbols with the given prefix (truncated to 5) below.

Controlling:

Type to enter text.

Enter to confirm, Escape to cancel (or just press the buttons).

Press “tab” to have the dialog guess the next part of the symbol name (it’s never wrong, but sometimes it might not be able to come up with any guess at all). Try pressing tab when trying to get letters! It should speed up the process considerably.

If there are symbols where the name of one is a prefix of the other, such as repeat is a prefix of repeat-dot, you need to get the whole word there (repeat) to select that MLClass. You can still use “tab” to get there.

6.5.2. Objid selection dialog

The objid-based selection dialog enables quickly selecting CropObjects using their unique identifier. Type in the numbers, separated by whitespace (you can also add commas, semicolons, etc.). Upon confirmation, these objects will be selected (and only these objects - previous selections will be canceled).

Controlling

Type to enter text.

Example: 123, 125, 126, 128 or 123 125 126 128

Enter to confirm, Escape to cancel (or just press the buttons).

As opposed to the MLClass selection dialog, pressing “tab” does nothing.

6.5.3. Barlines to measure separator automation

Pressing alt+shift+b will cause all barlines (thin_barline, thick_barline, dotted_barline) that currently have no inlinks to get a measure_separator parent.

6.5.4. Automated checks for objects with holes

Sometimes, there are mistakes in annotation that are hard to see from the bounding boxes: the annotator gets the bounding box correctly, but leaves out parts of the symbol itself from the mask. To discover these cases, there are two shortcuts:

  • alt+shift+t finds all objects where more than a given proportion of foreground pixels in the object’s bounding box is not a part of its mask,
  • alt+shift+r finds all objects where more than a given proportion of foreground pixels in the object’s bounding box is not a part of any object’s mask.

Both proportions, for the non-exclusive foreground and for the exclusive foreground counts, can be set in the Settings.

Each check serves a slightly different purpose. The first check (the non-exclusive one) will show you symbols like flags, slurs, beams with a significant slope, etc. Sometimes, it is informative to see which objects are not highlighted and should be – this helps to discover flags where the stem is erroneously marked as part of the flag. Slurs that clearly have other objects in their bounding box but don’t light up even with low thresholds are indicative of someone not marking out the concave part of the slur and instead letting the Trimmed Lasso take a “shortcut”.

The second check is useful for straight-out mistakes where the annotators just did not mark a part of an object that clearly does not belong to any other object.

6.5.5. Automated checks for disconnected objects

To find all objects that consist of more than one contiguous “blob”, use alt+shift+d. To exclude from this search all object that have some other objects attached, such as key signatures or time signatures, use alt+shift+s. This avoids “false alarms”, also from texts, but on the other hand does not cover noteheads or stems with tremolos. The recommendation is to use both: first make sure there are no alt+shift+s problems (except for those where the object is legitimately split into more parts, such as because of staff removal mistakes), then use alt+shift+d to find the noteheads and other symbols that did not show up on alt+shift+s due to having outlinks.